Methodology · Drivers
Pressures and drivers of nature loss
The IPBES 2019 Global Assessment identified five direct drivers of nature loss. Screening tools break them down into measurable pressures.
| IPBES driver | Pressure categories |
|---|---|
| Land/sea use change | Terrestrial ecosystem use · Freshwater ecosystem use · Marine ecosystem use |
| Resource exploitation | Water use · Other resource use |
| Climate change | GHG emissions |
| Pollution | Non-GHG air pollutants · Water pollutants · Soil pollutants · Solid waste · Disturbances |
| Invasive species & other | Biological alterations/interferences |
Grouping as used in the SBTN Materiality Screening Tool v1.
From pressures to the state of nature
Pressures change the state of nature: the extent and condition of ecosystems and the populations of species. Those changes in turn affect the ecosystem services that businesses and people depend on. This pressure–state–dependency chain underlies TNFD, ESRS E4 and SBTN alike.
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